[1] V. I. Lenin, What are the Friends of the People? 1894, Collected Works, Vol. I.

[2] Karl Marx summarized that "the mode of production of material life conditions the social, political and intellectual life process in general. It is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness.” Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto, reprinted in MESW (1848), p.35 ‘The Critique of Political Economy,’ excerpted from the “Preface,” (1859).

[3] Meanwhile, all these social scientists observed a fractionated, unequal world. For Marx, the social relations of production come into continuous crisis, however, with the exchange of their products at fluctuating prices and the uneven distribution of the value derived from the products of labor.

[4] Siegwart Lindenberg, "Social Production Functions, Deficits, and Social Revolutions," Rationality and Society, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 51–77; Siegwart Lindenberg, “Individual economic ignorance versus social production functions and precarious enlightenment,” Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, no. 142 (1986), 20–26; Siegwart Lindenberg, “Cohorts, social production functions and the problem of self-command,” in H. Becker, ed., Dynamics of Cohort and Generations Research (Amsterdam: Thesis Publishers, 1992), pp. 283–305.

[5] Karl Marx, Capital (Moscow: Progress, 1961), vol. 1, p. 351.

[6] See, for example, Jonathan H. Turner, Leonard Beeghley and Charles H. Powers, The Emergence of Sociological Theory, 4th ed. (Cincinnati OH: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1998).

[7] Allen Luke, “Theory and Practice in Critical Discourse Analysis,” in L. Saha, ed., International Encyclopedia of the Sociology of Education (Elsevier Science Ltd.), at http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/ed270/Luke/SAHA6.html.

[8] Gottdiener, Mark. 1994. "Urban Ecology, Economics and Geography: Spatial Analysis in Transition " in The social production of urban space. 2nd ed. Austin: University of Texas Press.

[9] As part of the search for a social, ethical theory of information. See Joseph A. Goguen, “Technical Systems and Cooperative Work: Beyond the Great Divide,” in Geoffrey Bowker, Les Gasser, Leigh Star and William Turner, eds., Social Science Research (Erlbaum, 1997), pp. 27.

[10] Douglas Kellner, “Cultural Studies and Social Theory: A Critical Intervention,” 1–23, http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/kellner.html.

[11] As highlighted in postmodern social work theory. See Peter Beresford, Social Work: What Kinds of Knowledge? (Brunel University, 26 May 1999), at

http://www.elsc.org.uk/socialcareresource/tswr/seminar1/beresford.htm.

[12] Defined “goods produced for the use of others in prestation, ceremony and ritual, and hence having a primarily social purpose.” See H. Brookfield “Intensification and disintensification in Pacific agriculture,” Pacific Viewpoint 13 (1972): 30–41, at 38.

[13] According to Ulrich Beck, "in advanced modernity, the social production of wealth is systematically accompanied by the social production of risks." Risikogesellschaft: Auf dem Weg in eine andere Moderne (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1986); also published as Ulrich Beck, Risk Society: Toward a New Modernity (New York: Sage, 1992).

[14] Janet Wolff's The Social Production of Art (London: Macmillan, 1993).